1 前言 乡镇企业与国有大中型企业相比,其从业人员整体水平较低,生产条件与劳动环境较差。但是乡镇企业之所以能蓬勃发展,且立足于商品经济大市场,重要原因之一是有别于国有企业的灵活用工制度。1.1 用工形式复杂而多变,至今有关主管部门尚无确切的分类。但按一般企业用工形式大致可分为:1.1.1 管理层:其中既有农民,也有乡镇干部和外聘人员。1.1.2 技术人员层:主要为当地农民,也有从国有企业聘用 1 Preface Compared with state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises, township and village enterprises have lower overall level of employees and worse production conditions and labor environment. However, one of the important reasons why township and village enterprises can flourish and are based on the large market for commodity economy is that they are different from the flexible employment system of state-owned enterprises. 1.1 The complicated and changeable pattern of employment, so far there is no exact classification of relevant administrations. However, according to the general enterprise employment form can be broadly divided into: 1.1.1 Management: both farmers, township cadres and outsiders. 1.1.2 Technician Layers: Mainly for local farmers, but also employed from state-owned enterprises