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约翰·福尔斯的小说《法国中尉的女人》自出版以来一直被视为存在主义哲学的文学诠释和形象图解。从存在主义哲学视角对小说展开的论述数量众多,但对小说中的进化叙事和达尔文主义主题的讨论却为数不多。本文尝试从“新维多利亚小说”的角度入手,阐述福尔斯如何将存在主义自由主题的表达与对19世纪进化主题的思考相互结合,从而实现对历史的反思性再现。本文认为,福尔斯将关于进化的历史文本嵌于存在主义语境之中,赋予人物以能动地适应环境的能力,这种能动适应性正是进化过程中创造性的由来,它表明人类的情感和意志会在某些时刻超越进化过程中那些决定性力量的影响,成为自己生活的创造者,而这正是个体自由的由来。
John Fowles’ novel The French Lieutenant’s Woman has been regarded as the literary interpretation and image illustration of existentialist philosophy since it was published. There are numerous expositions on the novel from the perspective of existentialist philosophy, but few are devoted to the evolutionary narrative and Darwinian themes in the novel. This paper attempts to start with the perspective of “New Victorian Novel ” and explain how False combines the expression of the existential freedom theme with the thinking of the theme of evolution in the nineteenth century so as to realize the reflective reproduction of history. This article argues that False embeds the historical texts of evolution in the context of existentialism and empowers the ability of people to adapt themselves to the environment. This dynamic adaptability is precisely the origin of creativity in the evolutionary process. It shows that human emotions And the will to go beyond the influence of those decisive forces in evolution at some point into the creator of one’s own life, which is the origin of individual liberty.