目的 :探讨 MDR1 和 WT1 两种基因在临床耐药中的作用及相互关系。方法 :用反转录多聚酶链反应 ( RT- PCR)检测了 4 2例急性白血病 ( AL )患者骨髓和 10名正常人外周血单个核细胞中 MDR1 基因和 WT1 基因的表达。结果　两者在初治敏感组分别为 14 .81%和 13 .3 3 % ,在难治复发组分别为 60 %和 66.67% ,两组差别均有显著性 ( P均 <0 .0 1) ,MDR1 和 WT1 的相关性 ,γ′s=0 .2 810 ,P>0 .2。结论 :两者均与临床多药耐药相关 ,但它们之间无明显相关性 ,提示其耐药机制不同 Objective: To investigate the role and relationship of MDR1 and WT1 genes in clinical drug resistance. Methods: MDR1 and WT1 genes were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 42 patients with acute leukemia (AL) and 10 normal controls. Results Both of them were 14.81% and 13.33% in the sensitive group and 60% and 66.67% respectively in the refractory and relapsed group (P <0.01) , The correlation between MDR1 and WT1, γ’s = 0.2810, P> 0 .2. Conclusion: Both of them are related to clinical multidrug resistance, but there is no obvious correlation between them, suggesting different mechanisms of drug resistance