一、绪论南宋初期中国各地发生了许多变乱。据笔者调查,自高宗建炎元年(1127)至绍兴十一年(1141)的15年时间里所发生的变乱竟达372次之多。变乱的发生会使社会遭受重大损失。百姓蒙受财产损耗,人口减少,土地荒废,谷价腾贵,从而导致了国家财政困乏。相反有时参与变乱的人会在开发战略和战术、改良武器、增强战斗力之 I. INTRODUCTION Many disturbances occurred throughout China in the early Southern Song Dynasty. According to the author’s investigation, as many as 372 accidents took place in the 15 years since the first year of Emperor Jianzong of Jianzong (1127) to the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1141). The occurrence of the disorder can cause heavy losses to society. People suffer property damage, population decline, land desertion, valley price Teng expensive, which led to the state’s financial difficulties. On the contrary, sometimes people involved in the disorder will develop strategies and tactics to improve their weapons and enhance their combat effectiveness