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静荷拉伸试验是工业上衡量金属材料机械性能的最基本的试验。本文系统地介绍了比例极限、弹性极限、屈服极限,强度极限等机械性能指标的意义及其测定方法。在测试方法中,既介绍了利用引伸计的逐级加载法,也介绍了利用函数记录仪等自动记录装置绘制载荷——伸长曲线,由记录曲线直接确定各项指标的测量方法。同时,也介绍了真实应力应变曲线和形变硬化指数的意义和测定方法。最后,针对电子式拉力机的特点,介绍了在周期应力作用下材料的循环硬化和循环软化现象,以及周期应力一应变曲线。图13幅,参考文献3种。
Static load tensile test is the industry’s most basic measure of the mechanical properties of metallic materials. This paper systematically introduces the significance of the limit of proportionality, the elastic limit, the yield limit, the strength limit and other mechanical properties of the index and its determination method. In the test method, both the gradual loading method using extensometer and the load-elongation curve drawn by an automatic recording device such as a function recorder are introduced. The measurement method of each index is directly determined from the recording curve. At the same time, the meanings and determination methods of real stress-strain curve and deformation hardening index are also introduced. Finally, according to the characteristics of the electronic tensile machine, the cyclic hardening and cyclic softening of the material under cyclic stress and the cyclic stress-strain curve are introduced. Figure 13, reference 3 kinds.