营养不良是发展中国家儿童的常见疾病,也是发达国家中住院儿童常见的合并症。营养不良患儿防御功能减低,易感性和病死率增加,甚至营养素轻度缺乏也可使机体免疫功能下降。因此,正确供给营养是保证儿童健康的重要因素。营养与免疫早期研究证明,蛋白-热能营养不良者,其细胞免疫、抗体反应、粘膜免疫、补体系统、中性粒细胞及巨噬细胞杀菌活性等免疫功能均有减低。近期研究还证明,单一营养素缺乏或过多,均影响机体的免疫功能。热能营养缺乏使细胞免疫功能减低。如给动物禁食后,脾细胞和淋巴结细胞对植物血凝素(PHA)和刀豆素A(ConA)刺激反应明显减低。长期限制热能摄入,可使脾脏T淋巴细胞减少,未成熟T淋巴细胞 Malnutrition is a common disease in children in developing countries and is a common complication of hospitalized children in developed countries. Malnutrition in children with reduced defense function, increased susceptibility and mortality, and even a slight lack of nutrients can also reduce the body’s immune function. Therefore, the correct supply of nutrition is an important factor to ensure the health of children. Nutrition and Immunology Early studies have shown that protein-heat malnutrition, cellular immunity, antibody response, mucosal immunity, complement system, neutrophil and macrophage bactericidal activity and other immune function are reduced. Recent studies have also shown that a single nutrient deficiency or excess, all affect the body’s immune function. Lack of thermal nutrition to reduce cellular immune function. When animals were fasted, splenocytes and lymph node cells responded significantly to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation. Long-term restrictions on heat intake, can make the spleen T lymphocytes, immature T lymphocytes