俄罗斯及其他独联体国家在铜粗炼领域采用各种不同的连续自热熔炼工艺。这些工艺包括氧焰熔炼工艺、瓦纽科夫熔炼工艺、固定式顶吹炉熔炼工艺和可倾炉熔炼工艺。粗铜熔炼工艺的进一步改进涉及用自热熔炼炉生产白冰铜、连续吹炼高品位冰铜并产出含Cu＜0．5%的弃渣。 Russia and other CIS countries use a variety of different continuous self-heating smelting processes in the area of ​​copper smelting. These processes include oxygen flame melting, Van Nukovoff smelting, fixed top-blowing furnace smelting and tilting smelting. A further improvement of the blister smelting process involves the production of white matte from a self-smelting furnace, the continuous blowing of high-grade matte and the production of rejects containing <0.5% Cu.