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罐装过满、罐内液体蒸汽压上升、液体泵入罐时呼吸阀及通气孔处于关闭或堵塞状态都会使油罐超压,产生巨大的上举力。当上举力超过油罐向下的反作用力,油罐即发生严重的上举破坏。本文列举了由于不同原因引起油罐发生上举的实例,介绍了上举力的计算方法,并计算出100～10000m~39种拱顶罐允许的最大上举力及对应的临界上举力。指出上举力并不随油罐尺寸增大而上升,也不取决于罐内液量的多少,只要罐内有很小的静压力就可以产生巨大的上举力。针对上举力对油罐破坏的程度,提出发生过上举的油罐一般都可以修复使用的观点,对严重上举破坏和不严重上举破坏陈述了处理的意见。此外,还对油罐发生上举的机理作了分析,阐明了从设计、操作、维修三个环节防止上举的措施,强调指出所有的防止上举的措施中保持排气孔清洁、呼吸阀开关灵活是最有效的措施。
Canned too full, the tank liquid vapor pressure rise, the liquid pump into the tank breathing valve and vents in the closed or blocked state will make the tank overpressure, resulting in a huge lifting force. When the lifting force exceeds the downward reaction force of the tank, the tank is severely damaged. In this paper, we give an example of how to lift the oil tank due to different reasons, and introduce the method of calculating the lifting force and calculate the maximum lifting force and corresponding lifting force that can be obtained from 100 ~ 10000m ~ 39 kinds of domes. Pointed out that the lifting force does not increase with the tank size and does not depend on how much liquid tank, as long as the tank has a small static pressure can have a huge upward force. Aiming at the extent to which the ascending force destroyed the tank, it was put forward that the tank which had been lifted was generally capable of being repaired and used, and the handling of opinions on the serious damage caused by the lifting of the tank and the serious damage caused by the lifting of the tank were stated. In addition, the mechanism of the lifting of the tank was analyzed. The measures to prevent the lifting of the lifting from the three aspects of design, operation and maintenance were clarified. All the measures to prevent the lifting of the exhaust were kept clean. The breathing valve Switch flexibility is the most effective measure.