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京派是二十世纪三十年代新文学中心南移后,由留京的自由主义作家所组成的一个文学流派。其成员大多来自文学研究会和语丝社,由周作人、废名开山,于沈从文、萧乾、芦焚、林徽因等人手中发展壮大,在朱光潜、李健吾的文艺批评中不断完善自身理论,从而创作出《边城》《长河》《桥》《果园城记》等一批具有乡土中国意蕴的小说。京派的创作讲究情绪的内敛和情感的节制,带有中正平和的学院派特征。作家主要书写乡村、歌颂人性,强调文学趣味和国民性重塑。其产生与独特的文学土壤密切相关,在坚守传统文学的阵地之余,也充分吸收世界文化的精髓,达到兼收并蓄的效果。近年来学界对京派的研究趋于成熟,但是京派文学思想研究在京派研究格局中较为薄弱。它主要散布在京派文学创作和文学批评研究之中,往往成为其创作和批评研究的从属,显得疏散而缺乏体系。因此本文试图从起源发展、审美情感、写作目的、文化土壤和思想渊源等方面进行分析,以加深读者对京派的学院派特征和文化选择的理解。
Beijing School was a literary school composed of liberal writers who stayed in Beijing after the southward shift of the New Literature Center in the 1930s. Most of its members come from the Literary Research Society and Yu Si Society. They were developed by Zhou Zuoren and his fame, and were developed and grew up in the hands of Shen Congwen, Xiao Qian, Lu Huin, and Lin Huiyin. In the literary criticism of Zhu Guangqian and Li Jianwu, Thus creating a series of novels with native Chinese connotation such as “Border Town”, “Changhe River”, “Bridge” and “Guoyuanchengji”. Jingpai’s creation pays attention to the restraint of emotions and the restraint of emotions, with the academic characteristics of peaceful gentry. Writers mainly write the country, praising human nature, emphasizing the literary interest and national remodeling. Its production is closely related to the unique literary soil. While sticking to the position of traditional literature, it also fully absorbs the essence of world culture and achieves the combined effect. In recent years, the study of Beijing School tends to be mature, but the study of Beijing school literature is weak in the study of Beijing School. It is mainly distributed in the research of literary criticism and literary criticism in Beijing School, often becoming a subordinate to its study of creation and criticism, which appears to be evacuated and lacks a system. Therefore, this article attempts to analyze the origins, esthetic sentiment, writing purpose, cultural soil and ideological origin in order to deepen the reader’s understanding of the academic characteristics and cultural choices of the Beijing school.