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细胞色素氧化酶（ｃｙｔｏｃｈｒｏｍｅｏｘｉｄａｓｅ，ＣＯ）作为电子传递链的末端酶，是神经元活动的内源性代谢指标之一。在正常功能状态下，细胞色素氧化酶活性从细胞器到系统各水平都表现出很强的不一致性，并随神经元功能状态的改变其活性随着发生变化。眼优势柱研究的诸多进展及视通路的研究与细胞色素氧化酶组织化学技术的应用是分不开的。许多神经变性疾病均伴有细胞色素氧化酶的缺陷。用于细胞色素氧化酶研究的方法日渐增多。目前大多数中枢神经系统水平的研究均采用组织和细胞化学方法。基因水平的研究已经开展，杂交探针可揭示亚基ｍＲＮＡ水平的变化。与２－脱氧葡萄糖放射自显影相比，细胞色素氧化酶组织化学反映是一个能量代谢更稳定的状态。利用近红外光谱可对细胞色素氧化酶氧化还原状态的变化进行无创性研究。
Cytochrome oxidase (CO), as the terminal enzyme of the electron transport chain, is one of the endogenous metabolites of neuronal activity. Under normal functional conditions, cytochrome oxidase activity shows strong inconsistency from organelle to system level, and its activity changes with the change of neuronal functional status. Much progress in the study of ocular dominance columns and the study of optic pathways are inseparable from the application of cytochrome oxidase histochemical techniques. Many neurodegenerative diseases are associated with defects in cytochrome oxidase. There are more and more methods for studying cytochrome oxidase. At present, most studies on the central nervous system use tissue and cytochemical methods. Gene level research has been carried out, hybridization probes can reveal changes in subunit mRNA levels. Histochemical reflection of cytochrome oxidase is a more stable state of energy metabolism than autoradiography of 2-deoxyglucose. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used to investigate the redox status of cytochrome oxidase.