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我国古代劳动人民在生产实践与观察自然现象中,很早就对油、气有所认识。我国是世界上最早发现和利用油、气的国家之一。远在公元前十一世纪—公元前七七一年西周时期的《易经》中,就记载了“泽中有火”的现象,可能就是油气在水上燃烧所致。公元初班固首次记述了天然气:在陕西省“鸿门(今神木县西南),有天封苑火井祠,火从地出也”,同时也描写了延安延河上有石油(图版Ⅰ—1)。在十五世纪以前,四川盆地已普遍发现天然气,在十一世纪至十五世纪开始大规模用天然气煎盐,世界上开发最早的自流井气田,远在十三世纪已大规模投入开采(图1)。宋朝的沈括在《梦溪笔谈》一书中最早起用“石油”(图版Ⅰ—2)。我国古代常称石油为“火井油”、“井油”、
In the natural phenomena of production practice and observation, the working people in ancient China knew very well about oil and gas. Our country is one of the earliest countries in the world to find out and use oil and gas. Far from the 11th century BC - the “Book of Changes” in the Western Zhou dynasty in 1977 and the 1773 BC, there was a record of the phenomenon of “fire in Zeus,” possibly caused by the oil and gas burning on water. For the first time in the first year of the class, Gugu wrote the natural gas: “Hongmen (present-day Shenmu county southwest) in Shaanxi Province has the Tianjinguanyuan Temple and the fire emanates from it.” It also describes the oil in Yan’an Yanhe (Plate I-1 ). Before the fifteenth century, natural gas was widely found in the Sichuan Basin. In the eleventh to the fifteenth centuries, large-scale natural salt decay was started. The world’s earliest Ziliujing gas field was developed and has been largely exploited in the 13th century (Figure 1 ). In the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo used “oil” (Plate I-2) as early as in “Meng Xi Bi Tan Tan”. In ancient China, oil is often called “well oil”, “well oil”