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现代汉语按语气划分出陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四大句类。一种句类是表达一种语气(比如用疑问句表达疑问语气)的最基本也是最常用的手段。因而在语言学习的初始阶段,有必要学习并掌握这些最基本的表达方式。但在实际言语中,各句类之间的区分并不是泾渭分明的,它们之间呈现出异常复杂的交叉关系。这表现为:一个意思可以用不同的句类来表达,同一个句子亦可表达不同的句类义。换言之,语气与功能之间没有整齐对应的关系,比如,陈述一件事实,不一定非要用陈述语气: (1)我这么大年纪的人了,难道还不能料理自己吗?(朱自清:背影)例(1)以疑问语气表达了陈述的内容。为了便于讨论,我们把表达同一意思的不同句类的集合称为义句,以别于按语气划分出的句类。由此可得陈述义句、疑问义句、祈使义句和感叹义句。其中祈使义较之陈述义、疑问义和感叹义更常借用其它句类来表达。如何用较为明了较易掌握的方法将汉人在实际交际中经常使用的祈使义句教给留学生使之能够切合场景的得体的使用,这一直是对外汉语教学中的一个较难把握的教学重点,本文试浅
Modern Chinese is divided according to the tone of speech, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences four sentence categories. A sentence is the most basic and most commonly used means of expressing a tone, such as interrogative tones. Therefore, in the initial stage of language learning, it is necessary to learn and master these basic forms of expression. However, in the actual speech, the distinction between the various sentence categories is not entirely different, showing an extremely complicated cross-relationship between them. This is manifested in that one meaning can be expressed in different sentences and the same sentence can express different sentence meanings. In other words, there is no neat corresponding relationship between tone and function. For example, to state a fact, it is not necessary to use the tone of the statement: (1) I am such an old man, can not still take care of myself? Example (1) The content of the statement was expressed in interrogative tones. In order to facilitate the discussion, we refer to the collection of different sentences that express the same meaning as the senses, so as to distinguish them from the sentences categorized according to the tone. From this we can get the statement of the sentence, the question of the sentence, the sentence of the pray and the sentence of the exclamation. Among them, imperative meanings are more often borrowed from other meanings than narrative meanings, doubtful meanings and hearsay. It has always been a harder point in teaching Chinese as a foreign language to teach the students how to use the pragmatic sentences frequently used by Chinese in practical communication to make them more suitable for the use of the scene in a clearer and easier way This article is shallow