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采用模拟降雨的方法对鲁中山区坡面土壤降雨条件下产流、产沙和侵蚀方式的演变过程进行了研究,结果表明:产流量都是随时间递增最终达到稳定产流,但是各次降雨达到稳定产流的时间均随降雨强度和坡度的增大而递减。相同坡度条件下120mmh-1雨强产流较60mmh-1雨强先到稳态,而相同雨强条件下10°坡面则较5°坡面先达到稳态。产沙量呈递增趋势且逐渐达到稳定产沙,达到稳定产沙的时间随雨强和坡度的增大而递减。相同坡度条件下120mmh-1雨强处理较60mmh-1雨强处理先达到稳态,相同雨强条件下10°坡面比5°坡面产沙过程先达到稳定产沙状态;在降雨过程中坡面首先产生面蚀,后出现细沟侵蚀;面蚀率随降雨历时延长有减小趋势,但变幅较小,细沟侵蚀率随降雨时间先急剧增加后保持稳定。
The simulated rainfall process was used to study the evolution process of runoff, sediment yield and erosion under the condition of soil rainfall in the mountain slope of Luzhong Mountain. The results showed that all the runoff increased with the increase of time and eventually reached a stable runoff. However, The time to reach stable runoff decreases with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope. Under the same slope condition, the rainfall intensity of 120 mm h-1 rainstorm reaches the steady state at 60 mmh-1, while the 10 ° slope reaches the steady state at the same rainfall intensity before 5 ° slope. The sediment yield shows an increasing trend and gradually reaches stable sediment yield. The time to reach stable sediment yield decreases with the increase of rainfall intensity and slope. Under the same slope conditions, the rainfall intensity of 120mmh-1 reached the steady state before rainfall intensity of 60mmh-1, and reached the steady state before the rainfall of 10 ° on the slope of 10 ° under the same rainfall intensity. During the rainfall Ramp erosion firstly occurred on the slope surface, and then ringed erosion occurred. The erosion rate decreased with the prolongation of rainfall duration, but the variation amplitude was small. The erosion rate of rill remained stable with the rapid increase of rainfall time.