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[目的]了解上海市居民的膳食结构、营养现况和营养相关疾病,为国家制定相关政策、指导居民合理饮食提供依据。[方法]本次调查是家庭抽样调查,采用分层多阶段整群随机的方法,调查包括询问调查、医学体检、实验室检测和膳食调查等。[结果]上海市居民动物性食物消费量增加,达人均408.9g/d;奶类、水果消费量基本达到推荐量,分别为人均100.3、108.1g/d;但畜禽肉类、油脂和盐消费过多,分别为人均136.8、49.6、9.9g/d;谷类食物偏低,为人均339.0g/d;蔬菜消费不足,为人均309.9g/d。居民能量、蛋白质、脂肪及大多数营养素的摄入量基本充足,但钙、维生素B1仍不足。营养不良、贫血患病率较低,分别为6.4%、7.6%;但超重、肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率较高,分别为29.2%、3.8%、31.3%、8.1%、25.3%。[结论]上海市居民膳食状况有较大提高,但膳食结构不尽合理;基本营养素摄入得到满足,但某些营养素依然缺乏;营养相关性慢性病患病率将是上海市面临的重要公共卫生问题。
[Objective] To understand the dietary structure, nutritional status and nutrition-related diseases of Shanghai residents and provide evidences for the state to formulate relevant policies and guide residents’ reasonable diet. [Methods] This survey is a family sampling survey, adopting a stratified and multi-stage cluster random method. The survey includes inquiry survey, medical examination, laboratory test and dietary survey. [Results] The consumption of animal food increased by 408.9g / d in Shanghai. The consumption of milk and fruit basically reached the recommended level, which was 100.3 and 108.1g / d per capita respectively. However, the meat, fat and salt of livestock and poultry Excessive consumption, respectively, per capita 136.8,49.6,9.9 g / d; cereal low, per capita 339.0g / d; lack of vegetables, per capita 309.9g / d. Residents of energy, protein, fat and most nutrients intact, but calcium, vitamin B1 is still not enough. Malnutrition and anemia were lower, accounting for 6.4% and 7.6% respectively. However, the prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were 29.2%, 3.8%, 31.3% and 8.1% 25.3%. [Conclusion] The dietary status of Shanghai residents is greatly improved, but the dietary structure is not reasonable. The intake of essential nutrients is satisfied, but some nutrients are still lacking. The prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases will be an important public health in Shanghai problem.