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最初发现ＩＬ－７的主要作用是促进前Ｂ细胞的生长，随着研究的深入，ＩＬ－７在白细胞的发育和功能上具有重要作用。ＩＬ－７不仅是正常Ｔ，Ｂ淋巴细胞分化成熟过程中的重要因子，还是多潜能干细胞和髓系前体细胞的移动因子。同时，ＩＬ－７还能促进Ｔ细胞功能、诱导单核巨噬细胞表达多种细胞因子。动物实验还证明ＩＬ－７能加速小鼠化疗和骨髓移植后的淋巴细胞再生、诱导鼠的抗肿瘤免疫，促进ＨＩＶ－特异性杀伤Ｔ细胞的增殖。这些都为ＩＬ－７作为治疗白细胞减少、骨髓／干细胞移植、肿瘤和ＨＩＶ感染等的较有前途的新型药物奠定了基础。
Initially found that the main role of IL-7 is to promote the growth of pre-B cells, with further research, IL-7 plays an important role in leukocyte development and function. IL-7 is not only an important factor in the differentiation and maturation of normal T, B lymphocytes, but also a factor for the migration of pluripotent stem cells and myeloid precursor cells. At the same time, IL-7 can also promote T cell function, monocyte-macrophage-induced expression of a variety of cytokines. Animal experiments also demonstrated that IL-7 can accelerate lymphocyte regeneration after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in mice, induce anti-tumor immunity in mice and promote the proliferation of HIV-specific killer T cells. All of these laid the foundation for IL-7 as a promising new drug for the treatment of leukopenia, bone marrow / stem cell transplantation, cancer and HIV infection.