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本文论述了高真空或高海拔中两相对摩擦的工件采用固体润滑剂,特别是自润滑材料的重要性。介绍了以往自润滑材料制备的3种方法为:1.粉末润滑剂与粉末金属混合烧结成复合体,2.将润滑剂用电渗析(电镀),或喷涂,或机械涂粘在合金器件上,3.将多孔合金骨架在液(熔)态润滑剂中浸渍,使润滑剂渗入孔隙中。作者试验了一种新的方法,制造出既是自润滑又可塑性加工的合金材料,即用低熔点软金属铟(In)作为固体润滑剂掺加到合金中以实现自润滑与抗磨的目的。着重研究了电位器中电刷与绕组线用的Au-Ag-Cu-In系与Au-Ni-Cr-In系合金。结果表明,Ag-28In合金有比Ag-石墨或Ag-CdO更加优越的抗磨性能,用在FO2型电位器中作导电条时,与电刷Au-22Ag-3 Ni-Cu合金匹配,当压力为～1g,滑速为～40cm/s时,对磨33万次后,几乎看不出磨痕。在桥梯式衰减器中作电刷与镀金铜箔板匹配,当压力200g对磨5,000次后也看不出磨痕,而Ag-石墨电刷在同样条件下,发生石墨堆积在接点间,使端阻抗与衰减度无法测量。Au-5 Ni-(1～2)Cr- (7～10)In合金比Pd-40Ag合金更抗磨,当二者与Au-9 Ni合金匹配,对磨30万次后,Pd-40Ag合金线电阻的变化大大高于Au-5 Ni-(1～2)Cr-(7～10)In合金,说明后者比前者大为抗磨。
This article discusses the importance of using solid lubricants, especially self-lubricating materials, for two relatively frictional workpieces in high vacuum or high altitude. The three methods for preparing self-lubricating materials in the past are described as follows: 1. The powder lubricant is mixed with the powdered metal to form a composite, 2. The lubricant is electrodialyzed (plated), sprayed or mechanically coated on the alloy device 3. Porous alloy skeleton immersed in liquid (molten) lubricant, the lubricant infiltration into the pores. The authors tested a new method to create an alloy that is both self-lubricating and plastically machinable, that is, incorporation of a low-melting-point indium soft metal (In) as a solid lubricant into the alloy for self-lubrication and abrasion resistance. Focusing on the potentiometer brushes and windings with Au-Ag-Cu-In and Au-Ni-Cr-In alloys. The results show that the Ag-28In alloy has better wear resistance than Ag-graphite or Ag-CdO. When used as a conducting bar in the FO2 potentiometer, the Ag-28In alloy is matched with the brush Au-22Ag-3 Ni-Cu alloy. Pressure ~ 1g, slippery speed ~ 40cm / s, the grinding of 330000 times, almost can not see the wear marks. In the bridge ladder attenuator for brush and gold-plated copper plate match, when the pressure of 200g on the mill after 5,000 times also can not see the wear marks, and Ag-graphite brush in the same conditions, graphite accumulation in the joints, The end impedance and attenuation can not be measured. Au-5 Ni- (1 ~ 2) Cr- (7-10) In alloy is more wear-resistant than Pd-40Ag alloy. When both are matched with Au-9 Ni alloy, The change of wire resistance is much higher than Au-5 Ni- (1 ~ 2) Cr- (7-10) In alloy, which shows that the latter is much more wear-resistant than the former.