论文部分内容阅读
自1990年以来,美国商业部、国防部、白宫科技政策局和民办部门竞争委员会等机构都先后宣布了一批影响美国前途命运的重要技术项目。这些机构列举的内容基本上大同小异。然而,在美国戏剧般地丧失了诸多技术领域的领导地位之后,它的技术衰落决不只是某项具体技术的问题了。仅仅靠更多地重视R&D的某些领域而不改变管理技术革新的全套方针措施,美国是无法确保其全球技术领袖地位的。事实上,美国技术革新系统所依的许多假设都与当今国际市场的要求脱节。因而,基于这些假设的政策也需要被重新定位。
Since 1990, the United States Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, White House Science and Technology Policy Bureau and the Private Sector Competition Commission and other agencies have successively announced a number of important technical projects that will affect the future and destiny of the United States. The contents of these institutions are basically the same. However, after the United States has drastically lost its leadership in many technological fields, its technological decline is by no means a question of a specific technology. The United States can not secure its global technological leadership simply by focusing more on certain areas of R & D without changing the full set of measures to manage technological innovation. In fact, many of the assumptions upon which the United States system of technological innovation rests are incompatible with the demands of today's international market. Thus, policies based on these assumptions need to be repositioned.