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在一般的爆破作业中,常常会带来某些危害,如围岩稳定性的破坏,飞石、空气冲击波及地震效应对支护、建筑物及人员的威胁,超挖及欠挖等.为了减少这些危害,必须使用适当的方法、参数及工艺,以便对爆破的范围、规模和后果加以控制,这就是控制爆破.控制爆破包括的内容很广,有缓冲爆破,光面爆破,予裂爆破,抛掷爆破,微差挤压爆破,爆炸成型……等等.本讲座只限于讨论露天采矿中的微差挤压爆破,巷道掘进时的光面爆破和予裂爆破三种.现分述如
In general blasting operations, some hazards are often brought, such as the stability of surrounding rock damage, flying stones, air shock waves and the threat of earthquake effects to the support, buildings and personnel, overbreaking and undercutting, etc. In order to To reduce these hazards, appropriate methods, parameters and processes must be used in order to control the scope, scale and consequences of the blasting, which is controlled blasting. The controlled blasting includes a wide range of contents including bursting, smooth blasting and pre-blasting , Throwing blasting, differential extrusion blasting, explosion molding ... etc .. This talk is limited to discussing the differential crushing blasting in open pit mining, smooth blasting and pre-cracking blasting in roadway excavation.