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目的检测某多晶硅生产工作场所的职业病危害因素,探讨防护对策和职业卫生管理措施。方法于2010年3月,本调查组按照《工业企业设计卫生标准》、《工作场所有害因素职业接触限值》等国家标准,采用类比调查法和现场职业卫生学调查测定某多晶硅生产场所职业病危害因素。结果该公司多晶硅生产过程中存在和产生的职业病危害因素种类达11种之多,防控重点为化学性危害因素。对其中5种可能超标的危害分布进行检测以及分析后发现三氯氢硅合成工序硅粉库房及产品整理工序硅加工切割2#区粉尘超标;液氯贮存及气化氯气超标;冷冻站的冷冻机、值班室、循环水站的循环水电机以及废气及残液处理工序的尾气回收冷冻机和尾气回收氢压机噪声超标。结论该公司多晶硅生产场所存在多种职业病危害因素,且在重点监测的危害因素中存在部分超标。建议其加强制度管理,加强设备维护,在有毒气可能泄露的场所设置可燃及有毒气体探测器,尽量采用低噪设备,对噪声较大的设备采取设消音器、隔声罩、隔音室等措施。
Objective To detect occupational hazards in a polycrystalline silicon workplace and to explore protective measures and occupational health management measures. Methods In March 2010, according to the National Standards of Hygienic Design for Industrial Enterprises, Occupational Exposure Limits for Hazardous Locations in the Workplace and other national standards, this investigation team used the method of analogy investigation and on-site occupational hygiene to investigate the occupational hazards of a polycrystalline silicon production site factor. As a result, there are 11 kinds of occupational hazards that exist in the company’s polysilicon production process and are produced, and prevention and control focuses on chemical hazards. Of which five may exceed the hazard distribution of testing and analysis found that the synthesis of silicon trichloride silicon powder warehouse and product finishing process silicon processing and cutting # 2 dust excessive; liquid chlorine storage and gasification chlorine exceeded; freezing station frozen Machine, duty room, circulating water motor circulating water station and exhaust gas and raffinate treatment process of exhaust gas reclamation freezer and hydrogen reclaimer excessive noise. Conclusion There are many occupational hazards in the polysilicon production site of the company, and some of the hazardous factors in the key monitoring are over-standard. It is suggested to strengthen institutional management and equipment maintenance by setting flammable and toxic gas detectors in places where toxic gases may be leaked, adopting low-noise equipment as much as possible and adopting measures such as silencers, sound enclosures and soundproof rooms for noise-intensive equipment .