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海水淡化就是除去咸水中的盐,或将淡水透析出来。大致有5类办法:(1)蒸馏:让盐分留下,水蒸气凝结成水;(2)冻结:让咸水结冰,盐和冰分离开来;(3)反渗透:让咸水的水在巨大的压力下通过特殊的膜,留下盐;(4)离子迁移;(5)化学法。海水淡化,耗电耗能,成本很高,但是意义重大,很有前景。法国塞纳河边有一家公司制造成功一种简单的手动水泵式的海水淡化装置,将1升海水变成1公斤淡水,仅仅需要10分钟。有人估计,21世纪可能诞生一种新型的生产淡水的未来水产业。
Desalination is the removal of salts from salt water or dialysis of fresh water. There are generally five types of methods: (1) Distillation: salt is left behind and the water vapor condenses into water; (2) freezing: freezing the salt water, salt and ice; (3) reverse osmosis: Water under special pressure through a special membrane, leaving salt; (4) ion migration; (5) chemical method. Desalination, power consumption, high cost, but significant, promising. One company in Seine, France, succeeded in creating a simple hand-pump seawater desalination plant that transforms 1 liter of seawater into 1 kg of freshwater in just 10 minutes. It is estimated that in the 21st century a new type of future aquaculture producing freshwater may be born.