自然垄断行业具有的规模经济等经济技术特性 ,使其受到了严格的政府规制 ,因而也成为推进规制改革的重点部门。本文以日本典型的自然垄断行业———电力产业为例 ,主要分析该类产业在规制改革过程中面临的产业组织调整、改革的政策设计和具体实施等具有共性的问题。 Natural monopoly industries have economies of scale and other economic and technological characteristics, so that it has been strictly regulated by the government, which has also become the key sector to promote regulatory reform. This paper takes Japan’s typical natural monopoly industry --- power industry as an example, mainly analyzes common problems such as industrial organization adjustment, policy design and concrete implementation of such industries in the process of regulatory reform.