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AIM: To explore the ability of recombinant toxin luteinizing hormone releasing hormone-Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin 40 (LHRH-PE40) anH binding to LHRH receptor(LHRHR) on the membrane surfa ogf hman liver cancer HEPG cells.METHODS: LHRH was beled by using 125I with enzymatic reaction. The affinity and receptor volume of LHRH-PE40and LHRH binding to LHRHR on the membrane surface of human liver cancer cells were measured with radioligand receptor assay.RESULTS:The specific activity of LHRH labeled with 125I was 2.7×104 kBq/μL, and its radiochemical purity reached to 99.2-99.7%. The binding of 125I to LHRH was maximal for 240 min in the warm cultivation, and this binding was stabilized. The inhibiting rates of 125I-LHRH and LHRH on the proliferation of human liver cancer HEPG cells were not significantly different. On the basis of the saturation curve of 125I-LHRH binding to the membrane LHRHR of HEPG cells, 125I-LHRH of 1×105 cpm was selected for radioligand receptor assay. The affinity constants (Kd) of LHRH-PE40and LHRH bively,and their receptor volumes were 0.37±0.15 μmol/g and0.42±0.13 μmol/g, respectively. The binding of LHRH-PE40to the membrane proteinof normal liver cells was not observed.CONCLUSION: The recombinant toxin LHRH-PE40 binding to the membrane surface of LHRHR of human liver cancer HEPG cells was very strong, while the specific binding of it to normal liver cells was not observed. The results provide an important experimental basis for the clinical application of LHRH-PE.