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通过样带与样方结合的调查方法, 从冻土生态系统结构、群落种类、生物多样性以及生物生产力等生态要素和生物生境条件: 如土壤环境、冻土环境等方面研究了青藏公路沿线多年冻土区公路工程干扰迹地生态系统的变化特征. 结果表明, 经过近25年的自然恢复, 在生态系统恢复的生物学方面, 高寒草原生态系统明显优于高寒草甸生态系统, 表现在高寒草原的优势建群植物种类已出现并占据优势地位, 局部地带生物物种多样性与种群多度恢复到接近甚至高于自然未干扰草原系统水平; 在土壤环境方面, 高寒草原干扰迹地土壤有机质含量平均减少61.65%, 全氮含量减少52.51%, 但大部分地区其表层土壤养分现状与干旱区主要草原土壤相当, 有利于耐寒旱生物物种生长; 高寒草甸干扰迹地土壤(寒冻雏形土)平均养分含量高于天然寒冻干旱土壤, 保存草甸土壤结构的完整程度对于高寒草甸生态系统恢复至关重要. 受扰动高寒草原生态系统的恢复程度与冻土环境没有明显制约关系, 高寒草甸生态系统的分布和保育与冻土环境关系密切, 受工程活动破坏后恢复困难. 类比青藏公路沿线生态系统变化规律, 提出了青藏铁路建设过程中保护生态环境的几点启示.
Based on the investigation methods of sample zone and sample quadrat, this paper studied the ecological factors and biological habitat conditions of permafrost ecosystem structure, community types, biological diversity and biological productivity, such as soil environment, permafrost environment and so on for many years The results show that after nearly 25 years of natural restoration, the alpine steppe ecosystem is obviously superior to the alpine meadow ecosystem in the aspect of ecosystem restoration, which is manifested in the alpine steppe The species diversity of plant communities has emerged and dominance, and the biological diversity and population abundance in some areas have recovered to near or even higher than that of natural undisturbed grassland system. On the soil environment, the average content of organic matter in the soil disturbed by alpine steppe decreased 61.65% and total nitrogen content decreased by 52.51%, but the surface soil nutrients in most areas were similar to those in the arid steppe and were favorable for the growth of cold-tolerant and drought-tolerant species. The average nutrient content Higher than the natural frozen arid soil, preserve the integrity of the meadow soil structure The degree is essential for the restoration of alpine meadow ecosystem.The restoration degree of the disturbed alpine steppe ecosystem is not obviously restricted by the frozen soil environment, the distribution and conservation of the alpine meadow ecosystem are closely related to the permafrost environment, and are damaged by the engineering activities After the restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, it is difficult to recover after the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was built.Considering the variation of ecosystems along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, some enlightenments on the protection of the ecological environment during the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway were put forward.