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刑事冤案指的是在有罪或无罪这一根本的定性问题上出现错误的案件。刑事冤案的产生不仅严重损害司法的公正性和权威性,而且对具体案件中的当事人来说,个人的身心健康、名誉、求学就业、发展前途及其家庭都会产生巨大的影响。造成刑事冤案的原因很多,但通过树立无罪推定的现代司法理念、改革侦查制度、改革刑事辩护制度、完善证据制度和改革司法鉴定制度等多种措施,可以有效避免、减少冤案的发生。
Criminal injustice refers to the wrongful case of the fundamental qualitative problem of guilt or innocence. The birth of criminal injustice not only seriously jeopardizes the impartiality and authority of the judiciary, but also has an enormous impact on the individual’s physical and mental health, reputation, employment, development prospects and their families in the specific case. There are many reasons for causing criminal miscarriage of justice. However, through the establishment of modern judicial concepts of presumption of innocence, the reform of the criminal investigation system, the reform of the criminal defense system, the improvement of the evidence system and the reform of the judicial authentication system, we can effectively avoid and reduce the incidence of injustice.