就业问题是发达资本主义国家工业关系的最重要方面之一.消除或缓和失业和保持充分就业或高就业,长期以来一直是国家经济政策的优先目标之一。现在出现的一个基本问题是,新技术的应用对大量失业的出现有多大影响。当40年代末 The issue of employment is one of the most important aspects of the industrial relations among the developed capitalist countries, and eliminating or alleviating unemployment and maintaining full employment or high employment has long been one of the priority objectives of the country’s economic policy. A basic question now emerging is how much impact the application of new technologies has on the emergence of large numbers of jobless people. When the late 40s