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贵州省花江峡谷是典型的喀斯特高原石漠化综合治理区,为研究区内不同恢复模式对土壤养分状况的影响,选取人工种植的花椒、构树、砂仁、金银花、火龙果以及花椒与金银花混交形成的混交林共6种恢复模式的林地土壤作为研究对象,以荒草地为对照,采集0~10、10~20、20~30 cm处土样,研究土壤养分状况及理化因子的相关关系。结果表明:6种恢复模式的土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾均值分别较荒草地提高了72%、37%、60%、72%,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾均值分别较荒草地提高了61%、10%、106%;不同恢复模式的土壤有机碳和养分含量在土层间的垂直分布上存在较大差异,表层土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾含量分别为20~30 cm层的1.52、1.14、1.20、1.06、1.41、1.27、1.29倍,从而表现出“表聚效应”;相关分析表明,土壤有机质和容重是土壤理化因子中的关键因子,植被因素和土壤因素是石漠化治理区进行恢复模式筛选和种植需要考虑的2个重要因素。
In order to study the effects of different restoration patterns on soil nutrient status in the Karst highland, Guizhou Province, Huajiang Gorge is a typical comprehensive management area for karst rocky desertification. Artificial planted pepper, tree, villosum, honeysuckle, dragon fruit, The mixed forest with 6 restoration models was selected as the research object. The soil samples of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm were collected and compared with the wild grassland to study the relationship between soil nutrient status and physical and chemical factors . The results showed that the mean values of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in the six restoration models were increased by 72%, 37%, 60% and 72% Respectively, increased by 61%, 10% and 106% respectively compared with that of wild grassland. There was a significant difference in the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and nutrient content between different restoration patterns. The contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, Potassium, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 1.52,1.14,1.20,1.06,1.41,1.27,1.29 times higher than that of 20-30 cm layer respectively, Soil organic matter and bulk density are the key factors in the soil physical and chemical factors. Vegetation and soil factors are two important factors that need to be considered in screening and planting restoration models of the rocky desertification area.