人们通常将免疫看作是机体识别并排斥异己抗原的反应。但是近年来随着免疫学的发展,许多研究表明,免疫不仅是识别非己,还需要识别自己,而且,识别自己还是机体发生免疫应答的基础。免疫概念的这个变化,推动人们进一步探讨和重新认识免疫机理,包括免疫应答、免疫调节机理和免疫病理机理,也必然会影响到免疫学的实际应用方面。一、细胞表面标志和自我识别有两类细胞表面标志(主要指表面抗原)与免疫的自我识别关系密切。其一是由主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)编码的抗原,它是各免疫细胞相互识别的自身标志。其次是白细胞分化抗原,它是区别功能不 People generally regard immunity as a reaction that the body recognizes and repels an alien antigen. However, with the development of immunology in recent years, many researches have shown that immunity not only identifies non-self but also identifies itself. Moreover, recognizing itself as the basis of an immune response occurs in the body. This change in the concept of immunization, to promote people to further explore and re-recognize the immune mechanism, including immune response, immune regulatory mechanism and immune pathology, but also will inevitably affect the practical aspects of immunology. First, the cell surface markers and self-identification There are two types of cell surface markers (mainly surface antigen) and immune self-identification are closely related. One is the antigen encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which is a self-identified marker for each immune cell. Followed by leukocyte differentiation antigen, it is the difference between the function of not