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衣原体属于细胞内寄生菌,与人类疾病相关的主要为肺炎衣原体(Cpn)和沙眼衣原体(Ct),可引起非典型肺炎。儿童社区获得性肺炎(CAP)Cpn阳性检出率为5%～10%。Cpn阳性检出率随年龄增长有增高趋势,而且Cpn存在大量带菌和隐性感染患者。Cpn感染一年四季均可发病,以秋冬季及春夏季交替期较为常见,性别差异不明显。Ct主要导致婴儿肺炎,尤其是新生儿肺炎。衣原体感染与支气管哮喘、慢性咳嗽、慢性阻塞性肺疾病及一些性传播的泌尿生殖系统疾病的发生和发展有明显相关性。同时衣原体还参与了动脉粥样硬化和冠状动脉硬化性心脏病的形成,但与脑梗死、儿童缺血性脑血管病、儿童川崎病的冠状动脉病变之间是否存在关系尚需更多的证据。
Chlamydia belongs to intracellular parasites. Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) and Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct), which are mainly associated with human diseases, can cause SARS. Children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) Cpn positive detection rate of 5% to 10%. The positive detection rate of Cpn tends to increase with age, and there is a large number of patients with Cpn infection and latent infection. Cpn infection can occur throughout the year, autumn and winter and spring and summer alternating period is more common, gender differences are not obvious. Ct mainly causes infant pneumonia, especially neonatal pneumonia. Chlamydial infection and bronchial asthma, chronic cough, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and some sexually transmitted genitourinary diseases and the occurrence and development of a clear correlation. At the same time, Chlamydia is also involved in the formation of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but there is still more evidence for the relationship between coronary artery disease and cerebral infarction, childhood ischemic cerebrovascular disease and children’s Kawasaki disease .