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在微波接力通讯设备、卫星通讯设备、雷达及飞行器上,反射面天线得到了广泛应用。为了在一定的口面尺寸上获得最佳增益,国内外的天线工作者做了大量的理论与实践工作。其一是研制高效率馈源,如:变张角多模圆锥喇叭、波纹喇叭等。其二是修整反射面。其三是加介质导结构。采用这些技术只为达到一个目的,即是使反射面天线的口面场分布函数最大限度地接近预先选定的理想的口面场分布函数。本文简单评述了这些方法的特点,在设计计算中存在的问题和值得进一步探讨的课题。对于飞行器上制导用的小型反射面天线,上述技术不一定完全适用。本文提出:用在馈源内加介质负载的方法,使反射面天线的口面场分布函数最大限度地逼近理想的口面场分布函数,是提高小型反射面天线效率的简便易行,切实有效的方法。其基本原理是,在馈源内适当位置加一定形状的低耗介质负载,可以改变馈源口面场分布函数,使其初级方向图接近理想方向图,进而改善了对反射面的照射,使反射面口面场分布函数更接近所期望的口面场分布函数。这与采用其他复杂技术所达到的目的是一样的,但对小型反射面天线有效增益系数的提高优于其他技术,不仅提高了效率,而且在其他指标上也带来了优点。本文除了一般论述外,举了一个弹上制导用的“介质加载馈源,高效率,小型反射面单脉冲天线”实例,论述了其设计方法和遵循的原则,给出了实测结果。为了证实本文提出的方法所能达到的实际效益,又与“波纹喇叭多模馈源,整型付反射面加介质导小型反射面单脉冲天线”,在设计方法的准确程度,交叉极化特性,对抗多路径效应的干扰能力,和差支路的相位差随频率的变化,天线相位方向图等方面作了比较,其优点是显而易见的。
In the microwave relay communications equipment, satellite communications equipment, radar and aircraft, the reflector antenna has been widely used. In order to obtain the best gain in a certain size of the mouth, antenna workers at home and abroad have done a lot of theoretical and practical work. One is the development of high-efficiency feed, such as: variable angle multi-mode cone horn, corrugated horn and so on. The second is to trim the reflective surface. The third is the dielectric guide structure. The use of these techniques is only for one purpose, namely to maximize the near field distribution function of the reflector antenna close to the pre-selected ideal Orthogonal field distribution function. This article briefly reviews the characteristics of these methods, the problems existing in the design and calculation and the topics worth exploring further. For aircraft guidance small reflector antenna, the above technique may not be fully applicable. In this paper, the method of adding dielectric loading in the feed source is adopted to make the distribution function of the interface field of the reflector antenna as close as possible to the ideal distribution function of the interface field. It is a simple, practical and effective method to improve the efficiency of the small reflector antenna. method. The basic principle is that adding a certain shape of low-loss dielectric load in the proper position in the feed can change the field distribution function of the feed port so that its primary pattern is close to the ideal pattern, thereby improving the illumination on the reflective surface so that the reflection Face to face field distribution function is closer to the expected field distribution function. This is the same as with other complex technologies, but the improvement of the effective gain factor for small reflector antennas outperforms other technologies, not only increasing efficiency but also providing advantages over other metrics. In addition to the general discussion, this paper gives an example of “medium loading feed, high efficiency, small reflector single pulse antenna” for guidance on the missile, discusses its design method and principle, and gives the measured results. In order to verify the practical benefits of the method proposed in this paper, and also with the “corrugated horn multimode feed, integral pay reflective surface plus medium guided small reflector single pulse antenna”, the accuracy of the design method, cross-polarization characteristics , The interference ability against multi-path effects, and the phase difference of the poor branch compared with the frequency change, the antenna phase pattern and so on, the advantages are obvious.