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采用人工模拟降雨的方法,对南方红壤丘陵区3种土地利用方式下(经济林坡地、坡耕地及荒坡地)坡面侵蚀强度及其影响因素进行对比分析。结果表明,次降雨坡面土壤侵蚀模数大小顺序为坡耕地>荒坡地>经济林坡地;90mm/h雨强是经济林坡地侵蚀性降雨的临界雨强,60mm/h雨强是荒坡地及坡耕地侵蚀性降雨的临界雨强;建议在坡耕地上以4m为间隔设置水土保持措施;雨强30～120mm/h时,侵蚀模数随坡长延长相同长度增速大小顺序为坡耕地>荒坡地>经济林坡地,雨强150mm/h时,其顺序为经济林坡地>坡耕地>荒坡地;3种土地利用方式下侵蚀模数与径流深均呈正相关关系,可用幂函数拟合(R2>0.75),侵蚀模数随径流深变化速率大小顺序为坡耕地>荒坡地>经济林坡地;3种土地利用方式下雨强与侵蚀模数的相关性均较坡长大。
By artificial rainfall simulation, the erosion intensity and its influencing factors on three types of land use in southern hilly red soil region (economic forest slope, sloping cropland and barren slope) were compared. The results showed that the order of soil erosion modulus of sub-rainfall was sloping land> sloping land> economic forest sloping land; the rainfall intensity of 90 mm / h was the critical rain intensity of economical forest sloping rainfall, and the rainfall intensity of 60 mm / h was the sloping land and sloping land It is suggested that soil and water conservation measures should be set at intervals of 4m on sloping farmland. When the rainfall intensity is 30 ~ 120mm / h, the erosion modulus increases with the slope length and the same growth rate is in the order of sloping farmland> > Economic forest slope, the rainfall intensity of 150mm / h, the order of economic forest slope> slope farmland> slopes; erosion modulus and runoff depth of three kinds of land use patterns were positive correlation, available power function fitting (R2> 0.75) , And the rate of erosion modulus with runoff depth varied from sloping farmland to slopes to economic forest slopes. The correlation between rainfall intensity and erosion modulus of three kinds of land use patterns was longer than that of slope.