苏维埃运动和乡村建设运动大约同时出现并活跃于中国的农村 ,它们都促进了所在农村的社会变迁。本文分析了两种社会变迁的相似和不同点以及导致其不同的原因。从现代化的角度来看 ,虽然它们都距离目标比较遥远 ,但苏维埃运动昭示了一种方向。 At about the same time, the Soviet and rural construction movements emerged in rural areas of China, and they both promoted the social changes in their rural areas. This article analyzes the similarities and differences between the two social changes and the causes that led to them. From a modern point of view, although all of them are far away from the goal, the Soviet movement shows its direction.