肺栓塞是各种栓子进入肺循环阻塞肺动脉或其分支引起肺循环障碍的临床和病理生理综合征.肺栓塞有较高的发病率和病死率,故有极重要的临床意义.美国目前住院患者,肺栓塞的发生率较20年前有所降低,但每年死于肺栓塞的患者仍达5万以上.它是最常见的致命的肺部疾病.肺栓塞的诊治常常是困难的,如果只建立在临床基础上,误诊率和漏诊率是相当高的.如果早期诊治和治疗得当,生存的希望甚至完全恢复的可能是极大的.因此,内科医师都应保持对其患者发生肺栓塞和梗塞的高度警惕性.并且对这种危及生命疾病,熟悉其诊治和治疗手段的进展是非常必要的.1 流行病学特点与发病机制概述国外尸检资料统计表明:肺栓塞总的发生率为5%～24%,其中老年人中高达49%.国内资料统计,我国老年人发生肺栓塞呈直线上升趋势.多年来一直认为年老、长期卧床、静脉曲张、手术操作不慎、严重创伤、感染,药物如激素、避孕药应用、心脏病等为本病重要诱发 Pulmonary embolism is a variety of emboli into the pulmonary circulation blocking the pulmonary artery or its branches cause pulmonary circulation disorders clinical and pathophysiological syndrome .Pembolism has a high morbidity and mortality, it is extremely important clinical significance.United States currently hospitalized patients, The incidence of pulmonary embolism is lower than 20 years ago, but more than 50,000 patients die each year from pulmonary embolism, which is the most common fatal lung disease.It is often difficult to diagnose and treat pulmonary embolism. On a clinical basis, the misdiagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate are quite high, and if the early diagnosis and treatment are appropriate, the chances of survival or even complete recovery may be immense, so physicians should keep their patients from developing pulmonary embolism and infarction Of the high vigilance, and for this life-threatening disease, familiar with its diagnosis and treatment of progress is very necessary.1 Epidemiological features and pathogenesis Overview of foreign autopsy data show that: the overall incidence of pulmonary embolism is 5% ~ 24%, of which 49% of elderly. Domestic statistics, the incidence of pulmonary embolism in China showed a straight upward trend. Over the years has been that old, bedridden, varicose veins, hand Careless operation, severe trauma, infection, drugs such as hormones, contraceptives, heart disease, etc. are important for this disease