4晚清洋务派作为地主阶级的一部分,其阶级属性决定了他们首先是封建制度的维护者。他们大搞“借法自强”,但民族斗争和阶级斗争的迫切需要及自身认识能力上的局限性,使其“借法”局限在“学技”领域。最后,西方列强的侵略政策,清朝最高统治者对汉族地主阶级的心怀猜忌和封建顽固派对洋务运动的不断阻挠,是促使“借法自强”一直局限于学技不学政状态的又一重要成因。 Late Qing Westernization faction as part of the landlord class, its class attribute determines that they are the first to maintain the feudal system. They vigorously promoted “borrowing and self-reliance,” but the urgent need of the national struggle and class struggle and the limitations of their own cognitive ability have limited their “borrowing” in the field of “learning skills.” In the end, the aggressive policies of the Western powers, the suspicions of the Qing rulers over the Han landlord class, and the constant obstruction of the Westernization Movement by the feudal die-hards are yet another important reason that “self-reliance and self-improvement” has been confined to the state of learning from science and technology without learning politics .