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一、概况1972年我国山西省太谷县农民技术员高忠丽发现了一株雄性不育小麦,用它与任何一个普通小麦杂交,其 F_1总是分离出一半可育株与一半不育株,经中国农科院邓景阳的研究,确认它是世界上第一个被发现的小麦雄性天然突变体,命名为“Ta_1”。其雄性不育是受显性单基因控制的,不育株败育彻底,开花时颖壳张开角度大,柱头外露,便于接受外来花粉,花药黄白色呈小箭头状,内无花粉粒,属于无花粉型。雌蕊正常,异交结实率高。自发现后,在我国北纬23°—45°,东经102°—127°的广大地域范围内多代种植,
I. Introduction In 1972, Gao Zhongli, a farmer technician in Taigu County, Shanxi Province, China, discovered a male sterile wheat. When it crossed with any common wheat, its F_1 always isolated half of the fertile plants and half of the sterile plants. After China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Deng Jingyang study confirmed that it is the world’s first discovered wheat male natural mutant, named “Ta_1.” Its male sterility is controlled by the dominant single gene. Sterile plants abortion completely. When the flowers are open, the glume shell has a large open angle and the stigma is exposed, which is convenient for receiving foreign pollen. The yellow-white anthers are small arrow-shaped with no pollen grains, Belong to non-pollen type. Pistil normal, outcrossing high rate. Since its discovery, it has been planted for many generations in the vast territory of our country at latitude 23 ° -45 ° north and longitude 102 ° -127 ° east.