以细胞工程、基因转移、遗传工程为特征的生物技术作为生物学研究中的一种必备手段已经得到广泛运用。近年来，澳大利亚和美国等甘蔗种植大国已在基因文库构建，分子标记或基因定位，甘蔗病害分子诊断及转基因甘蔗方面取得了很大的进展。本文就四个方面加以简要介绍，以促进我国甘蔗抗病育种和病害诊断水平的提高。 Biotechnology, which is characterized by cell engineering, gene transfer and genetic engineering, has been widely used as an essential measure in biological research. In recent years, big countries such as Australia and the United States have made great progress in gene library construction, molecular marker or gene mapping, molecular diagnosis of sugarcane diseases and transgenic sugarcane. In this paper, four aspects are briefly introduced to promote the improvement of sugarcane disease-resistant breeding and disease diagnosis in our country.