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通过保护地低压节点渗灌番茄小区栽培试验,研究了连续4年采用相同方案进行不同灌溉上限和施肥量处理后,作物生长季内施肥前后及作物收获后不同土层土壤全盐量的变化。结果表明,不同取样时期土壤盐分均有表聚现象,作物收获后与施肥前相比,土壤全盐量增加,尤以0～30 cm增加明显。土壤全盐量在施肥后普遍升高,且表层上升幅度最大,底层差异不明显。适宜的水肥管理利于作物吸收养分,调控盐分含量。番茄生长季内施肥前后均以低灌溉上限和高量施肥组合处理全盐累积量最高,而在生长季后以高灌溉上限和高量施肥组合处理的全盐累积量最高。灌溉上限、施肥量和两者的交互作用对土壤剖面全盐累积量的影响均达到1%极显著水平。不同时期水肥及交互效应对0～20 cm及60～100 cm土层土壤全盐累积百分比的影响均达到1%极显著水平,土壤全盐在表层和底层所占比例较大,即具有表聚和底迁,且其比例相互消长。增大灌溉上限,单次灌水量少,盐分向表层迁移比例增加。
Through experiments on low-voltage node seeded in tomato plots, the changes of soil total salinity in different soil layers before and after fertilization and before and after crop harvesting were studied under the same scheme after four years of different irrigation caps and fertilizer treatments. The results showed that all the soil salinities were aggregated in different sampling periods. Compared with before fertilization, total salinity of soil increased after harvest, especially at 0-30 cm. Soil salt content generally increased after fertilization, and the maximum increase in the surface layer, the bottom difference was not obvious. Appropriate water and fertilizer management is conducive to crop nutrients, regulate salt content. Before and after fertilization in tomato growth season, the highest total salt accumulation was reached with the combination of low irrigation and high fertilization, while the highest total salt accumulation was observed after high season with high irrigation and high fertilization. The effects of irrigation upper limit, fertilizer amount and their interaction on the total salt accumulation in soil profile all reach the extremely significant level of 1%. The effect of water, fertilizer and interaction on soil total salt accumulation in 0 ~ 20 cm and 60 ~ 100 cm soil layers reached significant level of 1% at different periods, and the proportion of soil total salt in the surface layer and the bottom layer was large, that is, And the end of migration, and the proportion of each other growth and decline. Increasing the irrigation limit, a single irrigation less salt increased proportion of the surface migration.