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目的应用扫描电镜研究氨基甙类抗生素导致出生后发育过程中大鼠耳蜗毛细胞的损伤病理变化。方法７天龄ＳＤ大鼠肌肉注射８０ｍｇｋｇ－１ｄ－１新霉素连续８天，停药后７天处死动物制备样本进行扫描电镜观察。结果新霉素可造成出生后发育过程中的耳蜗毛细胞严重损伤，表现为底回和钩回三排外毛细胞全部损伤缺失，损伤病变累及顶回的外毛细胞，底回和钩回的内毛细胞出现纤毛脱落和细胞损伤丢失；外毛细胞损伤缺失的部位由顶部具有微绒毛的多边形细胞取代，该细胞形态与胚胎发育早期的毛细胞相似；毛细胞损伤区域未发现再生的毛细胞。结论出生后发育过程中大鼠耳蜗毛细胞对氨基甙类抗生素的敏感性较高，表面有微绒毛的多边形细胞在毛细胞损伤区域出现提示听觉感觉上皮细胞有再生的倾向。
Objective To study the pathological changes of rat cochlear hair cells during the development after birth by aminoglycoside antibiotics by scanning electron microscopy. Methods 7-day-old SD rats were intramuscularly injected with 80 mg kg-1 d-1 neomycin for 8 consecutive days. Animals were sacrificed 7 days after stopping the preparation for scanning electron microscopy. Results Neomycin caused severe damage to the cochlear hair cells during postnatal development, which was characterized by the absence of all three outer rows of hair cells in the bottom and the back of the hook, the lesions involving the top coat of the outer hair cells, the bottom and the back Hair loss and loss of ciliated hair loss; loss of outer hair cells were replaced by the top of the micro-villi polygonal cells replaced the morphology and early embryonic development of hair cells similar; hair cells damaged area found no hair cells. Conclusions The postnatal development of rat cochlear hair cells is sensitive to aminoglycoside antibiotics. The appearance of polygonal cells with microvilli on the surface of hair cells suggests that auditory sensory epithelial cells tend to regenerate.