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缺氧是肿瘤微环境的一个重要特征。缺氧微环境在多种肿瘤生物学行为的改变中发挥重要作用，包括肿瘤细胞增殖与凋亡、新生血管形成、代谢、自噬、侵袭与转移等。microRNA是一类长度为19～24nt的内源性单链非编码RNA片段，与靶mRNA的3’-非翻译区结合，以调控mRNA翻译的方式调节基因表达，是缺氧诱导肿瘤生物学行为改变的重要调控因子。本文就缺氧微环境下microRNA在肿瘤生物学行为改变中的调控机制作一综述。“,”Hypoxiaisanimportantfeatureofthetumormicroenvironment.Hypoxiamicroenvironmentplaysanim-portant role in biological behavior changes of tumors,including tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis,angiogenesis,metab-olism,autophagy,invasion,and metastasis,etc.microRNA is an endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA fragments with a length of 1 9 to 24 nt,binding to the target mRNA 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR),to adjust the gene expression through the regulation of mRNA translation.It is an important regulatory factor in hypoxia-induced biological behavior chan-ges of tumors.This article provides a review of the regulation mechanism of microRNA in the biological behavior changes of tumors under hypoxia microenvironment.