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在中国思想文化发展史上,老子第一个提出了“道”这一哲学范畴。“道”是老子思想体系的基石,也是中国传统哲学系统中的核心范畴。“道论”是老子对中国哲学思想史的主要贡献之一,他的另一个杰出贡献是朴素的辩证法。“道”字在老子之前早就流行,它的本意是指行路,以后其字义不断抽象化、普遍化,同时也多样化层次化了。但在老子之前,“道”字还停留在形而下学的范围,其最广泛的应用是“天道”、“人道”、“地道”三者,但仍都是有限的事物。老子的《道德经》,首次阐明了道的无限性、超越性、自然性和普遍性,这就使“道”摆脱了感性色彩,上升为最高哲学概念。本文就将以“道”为中心简单阐述老子的哲学思想。
In the history of the development of Chinese ideology and culture, Lao Tzu first proposed the philosophical category of “Tao”. “Tao ” is the cornerstone of Lao Tzu’s thought system and also the core category of Chinese traditional philosophy system. Taoism is one of the main contributions of Lao Tzu to the history of Chinese philosophy and his other outstanding contribution is simple dialectics. The word “Dao” has long been popular with Lao Tzu. Its original meaning is to go its way and its meanings are constantly abstracted, generalized, and diverse at the same time. However, before Lao Tzu, the word “Tao” still stays in the metaphysical scope. Its most widely used application is “Heaven,” “Humanity,” and “Authenticity,” but all of them are still limited Things. For the first time, Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching explains the infiniteness, transcendence, naturalness, and universality of the Tao, thus making the “Taoism” out of the perceptual color and rising to the highest philosophical concept. This article will be “Tao” as the center of a simple exposition of Lao Tzu’s philosophical thinking.