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对采煤塌陷区鱼塘浮游植物群落特征及变动规律进行了研究。结果显示:采煤塌陷区鱼塘共检出浮游植物8门69种(属),其中绿藻门(Chloophyta)34种(属),占总种(属)数的49.27%;蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)、裸藻门(Euglenophyta)各10种(属),分别占14.49%;硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)5种(属),占7.25%;隐藻门(Cryptophyta)、甲藻门(Dinophyta)、金藻门(Chrysophyta)各3种,分别占4.35%;黄藻门(Xanthophyta)1种,占1.45%。共出现优势种属15个,蓝藻门的席藻(Phormidium)、尖头藻(Raphidiopsis)、蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis)、色球藻(Chroococcus)优势明显;绿藻门的小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)优势明显,卵形衣藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、四足十字藻(Crucigenia tetrapedia)、简单衣藻(Chlamydomonas)、波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgei)也易形成优势种群;隐藻门的啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomons erosa)、蓝隐藻(Chroomonas),硅藻门的小环藻(Cyclotella)、针杆藻(Synedra)、菱形藻(Nitzschia),金藻门的聚球藻(Synechococcus)皆可形成优势种群。浮游植物丰度7月为3.7218×107ind.·L1,8月为6.65×107ind.·L1,9月为9.6927×107ind.·L1,10月为1.4227×107ind.·L1。浮游植物总生物量7月为10.59mg·L-1,8月为24.26mg·L-1,9月为44.9mg·L-1,10月为4.07mg·L-1,各月份浮游植物生物量差异极显著(P≤0.01)。各门藻类月均生物量排序为硅藻门(28.01%)>裸藻门(22.81%)>隐藻门(19.38%)>甲藻门(11.08%)>蓝藻门(8.75%)>绿藻门(8.28%)>金藻门(1.65%)>黄藻门(0.04%)。浮游植物多样性指数H′、物种丰富度指数D、物种均匀度指数J的变化范围分别为3.11~3.34、3.82~4.53、0.6305~0.7105,3种指数皆以10月份最高。
The characteristics and variation of phytoplankton community in the fish ponds in the coal mining subsidence area were studied. The results showed that there were 8 phylogenetic species (69 species) in ponds of subsidence area, 34 species (genera) of Chloophyta, accounting for 49.27% of the total species. Cyanophyta , 10 species (genus) of Euglenophyta, accounting for 14.49%, 5 species (genus) of Bacillariophyta, accounting for 7.25%, Cryptophyta, Dinophyta, 3 species of Chrysophyta each accounting for 4.35% and 1 species of Xanthophyta accounting for 1.45%. Phylidium, Raphidiopsis, Dactylococcopsis and Chroococcus of Cyanophyta were obvious dominant species. Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorella vulgaris) ) Showed obvious advantages. Platymonas subcordiformis, Crucigenia tetrapedia, Chlamydomonas and Oocystisborgei also formed dominant populations easily. Cryptomons erosa, Chroomonas, Cyclotella of the Bacillariophyta, Synedra, Nitzschia, Synechococcus of the Chrysophyta can all be formed The dominant population. The abundance of phytoplankton in July was 3.7218 × 107ind. · In L1 and August it was 6.65 × 107ind. · In L1 and September it was 9.6927 × 107ind · L1 and in October it was 1.4227 × 107ind · · L1. Total phytoplankton biomass was 10.59 mg · L-1 in July and 24.26 mg · L-1 in January-1,9 44.9 mg · L-1 in October, and 4.07 mg · L-1 in October. Phytoplankton The difference was significant (P≤0.01). The average biomass of each algae was ranked as follows: Bacillariophyta (28.01%), Euglena (22.81%), Cryptophyta (19.38%), Pyrenomonas (11.08%), Cyanobacteria Door (8.28%)> Chrysophyta (1.65%)> Xanthomonatum (0.04%). Phytoplankton diversity index H ’, species richness index D and species evenness index J varied from 3.11 to 3.34, from 3.82 to 4.53 and from 0.6305 to 0.7105, respectively, with the highest in October.