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从降水到达地面至水流流出流域出口断面的整个物理过程就是径流形成过程,由降水过程、流域产流过程、坡地汇流过程、河网汇流过程四个相互联系的子过程组合而成,在一定意义上可以说是降水特性和下垫面特性相互作用的产物。径流是引起河流、湖泊、水库等水体水文情势变化的直接原因,径流情势的变化与水资源开发利用、水害防治和生态环境的保护密切相关,因此,河流产汇流特性的研究具有广泛的科学和实际意义。
The whole physical process from precipitation to ground to water flow out of the outlet section of the river basin is the process of runoff formation. It is made up of four interrelated subprocesses of precipitation process, runoff process, slope convergence process and river network convergence process. Can be said to be the product of the interaction between precipitation and underlying surface characteristics. Runoff is the direct cause of hydrological changes in water bodies such as rivers, lakes and reservoirs. The change of runoff patterns is closely related to the development and utilization of water resources, the prevention and control of water damage and the protection of ecological environment. Therefore, the research on the characteristics of runoff and confluence in rivers has a wide range of scientific and Practical significance.