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庄学家们或将《庄子·逍遥游》中大鹏理解为庄子笔下象征最高精神境界的逍遥者形象,或将其理解为系列有待者中的一个阶梯,这些分歧的解决端赖于《逍遥游》各环节结构关系的理解和鲲鹏寓言在《逍遥游》中地位的界定。本文即由此争议出发,分析了种种分歧背后的根源,讨论了这种种理解的误区所在。文章进而提出了一种不同以往的文献理解方式,将鲲鹏寓言重新定位为《逍遥游》的引言,其意义在于兴发出“小大之辨”。在具体文本分析的基础上,提出了一条阅读《庄子》内七篇的义法:在注重获得庄子整体理解的同时,要特别注意保持各个不同语义层次文献的相对独立性。每一语义系统的意义应该首先在其系统内部推敲、寻求;任何来自此系统之外的意义要想安放到此系统的理解中,都必须和系统的语义无矛盾;一旦发生矛盾,首先应该作出调整的是来自系统外的理解。
Zhuang scholar or understanding of Dapeng in Zhuangzi’s Getaway as a symbol of the highest spiritual state of Zhuangzi or as a ladder among the series, the solution of these differences depends on the “Happy Tour” Understanding of the relationship between the various links and the definition of Kunpeng’s fable in “Happy Tour”. Starting from this controversy, this article analyzes the causes behind the various differences and discusses the misunderstandings of this kind of understanding. The article then proposes a different way of understanding the literature, and repositions the Kun-Peng fable as a “Happy Tour”. On the basis of specific textual analysis, we propose a reading of the seven articles in Chuang Tzu: while paying attention to the overall understanding of Chuang Tzu, we should pay special attention to maintaining the relative independence of the documents at different semantic levels. The meaning of each semantic system should first be scrutinized and sought within its own system; any meaning from outside the system must be placed in the understanding of the system without any contradiction with the semantics of the system; and once a conflict has arisen, it should first be made The adjustment is from outside the system understanding.