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春季低温冻害已成为制约甘肃省天水市甜樱桃产业健康发展的主要因素和障碍。2001—2016年16年间,天水市发生较严重霜冻的年份有4年,花朵受冻率4.61%~36.67%;发生严重低温雨雪冻害的年份有4年,全市甜樱桃严重减产或绝收。天水市每年4月6—15日正值甜樱桃花期,此时段出现低温天气是造成甜樱桃遭受早春低温冻害的主要原因。调查结果表明:地势低洼地带比背风向阳的坡地更容易遭受低温霜冻的危害;海拔相对较高的果园,甜樱桃开花时间相对较晚,可以避开春季低温霜冻的影响,受冻相对较轻,但在受系统性大规模冷空气寒潮入侵引起的剧烈降温降雪条件下,这种地形条件优势不明显,仅高海拔(1 600 m以上)甜樱桃果园由于开花很晚,无冻害或受冻较轻。综合多年调查结果,建议在甜樱桃花期,应把气象部门预报的近日可能出现的最低气温2~3℃,作为甜樱桃生产园采取预防低温霜冻措施的气温,及时做好防霜防冻准备。
Low temperature frost damage in spring has become a major factor and obstacle to the healthy development of sweet cherry industry in Tianshui, Gansu Province. During the 16 years from 2001 to 2016, there were 4 years of severe frost in Tianshui City and 4.61% -36.67% in flowers; 4 years of serious low temperature rain and snow frost damage occurred in the city. Tianshui City, April 6-15 each year coincided with the sweet cherry flowering period, low temperature during this period is the main cause of early winter cold cherry suffered cold damage. The results show that the low lying areas are more vulnerable to the frost damage than the leeward sunny slopes. In the relatively high altitude orchards, sweet cherry blooms relatively late, which can avoid the effect of the spring low temperature frost, However, under the conditions of severe cooling and snowfall caused by the systemic cold air inundation, the topographical conditions have not obvious advantages. Only sweet cherry orchards with high altitude (above 1 600 m) light. Based on the results of many years of investigation, it is suggested that the lowest possible temperature of 2 ~ 3 ℃, which is predicted by the meteorological department, should be taken as the temperature for preventing cold frost in the sweet cherry production garden in the sweet cherry flowering period so as to prepare frost frost in time.