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可再生燃料标准(RFS)是美国政府为提高生物燃料利用量,减少石油对外依存度与温室气体排放而制定的强制执行指令。美国环保署(EPA)根据RFS目标确定可再生燃料在道路交通燃料中的混配比例,并强制要求美国汽柴油炼制、混配与进口等责任商完成当年可再生燃料配比责任量(RVO);责任商需在年末向EPA提交足够多的可再生燃料身份码(RINs)以示完成任务。RINs跟随可再生燃料的生产或进口而获取,是跟踪可再生燃料利用与监测RFS目标是否完成的主要依据。独立的RINs可自由交易并形成市场,责任商可选择购买RINs来完成年度RVO。文中介绍了美国RFS的管理机制、实施进展与影响评价,重点介绍了RINs的产生、跟踪与交易。
The Renewable Fuels Standard (RFS) is an enforcement directive issued by the U.S. government to increase the utilization of biofuels and reduce the dependence on foreign oil and greenhouse gas emissions. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) determines the proportion of renewable fuels in road traffic fuels based on RFS targets and mandates that those responsible for refining, blending and importing of US gasoline and diesel complete the current year’s renewable fuel allocations (RVO ); Responsible business operators are required to submit sufficient RINs to the EPA at the end of the year to complete the task. RINs are captured with the production or import of renewable fuels and are the primary basis for tracking the completion of renewable fuel utilization and monitoring of RFS targets. Independent RINs are freely traded and marketable, and responsible traders have the option to purchase RINs to complete their annual RVO. This article describes the management mechanism of the United States RFS, the implementation of the progress and impact assessment, focusing on the RINs generation, tracking and trading.