论文部分内容阅读
[抓住题目、首句、首段]
每一篇文章的题目、首句、首段往往是文章内容的高度概括。在开始阅读前，要根据这些推测文章的内容，可以在一定程度上扫清可能出现的理解障碍，加速理解过程，提高阅读速度。
[抓住题干]
阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案，而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将其整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
[抓住猜测词义]
在阅读的过程中，同学们都会不可避免地遇到生词。而在关键的地方，对这些生词词义的推测和正确理解与否直接影响到同学们对句子意思的把握和对全文的理解，以及对文章内容的正确把握。词汇量的大小在一定程度上影响阅读速度的快慢及阅读理解的准确率，因此根据上下文猜词义就成了一个重要的阅读技巧。在词汇量大致相同的情况下，有的同学能运用这一技巧准确理解原文，有的同学则只因为阅读中碰到两三个生词而导致对原文的误解。其实我们可以抓住文章的主要内容，根据上下文猜测词义来提高阅读速度。少数生词的存在决不会影响阅读理解。猜测并不是对文章进行臆测，它要求同学们能够调动自己的所有知识，文化的、语言的等等，克服自己由于词汇量的不足带来的阅读障碍，较为准确地掌握文章的中心内容。
例1 Imagine， one day， getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours， and then， after a full day of work， going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.
Sounds unusual， doesn’t it？ But it’s not that unrealistic， with the development of China’s high-speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan-to connect the country with Southeast Asia， and eventually Eastern Europe.
China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years， eventually reaching London and Singapore.
China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan， and possiblyto Germany. The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.
If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward， people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days.
The new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour， almost as fast as some airplanes.
China’s bullet train （高速客车）， the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou， already has the World’s fastest average speed. It covers 1，069 kilometers in about three hours.
Of course， there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to be settled， such as safety， rail gauge （轨距）， maintenance of railway tracks. So， it’s important to pay attention to every detail.
But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion.
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development. It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries， the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business， tourism and so on， not to mention the better communication among those countries
For China， such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources， but would also help develop China’s far west. We foresee that in the coming decades， millions of people will migrate to the western regions， where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains， people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.
1. China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because .
A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions
B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways
C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries
D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation， business and tourism
2. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .
A. technical issues
B. safety of the system
C. financial problems
D. maintenance of railway tracks
3. Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan？
A. Critical. B. Reserved.
C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？
A. New Railway Standards
B. Big Railway Dreams
C. High-speed Bullet Trains
D. International Railway Network
解析 1. B。由文章倒数第二段可知：高铁的发展可以提供更多的商业旅游机会， 更加强了国与国之间的联系。由此可以推断中国和所涉及到的国家会从中受益。
2. C。由倒数第四段的第一句话“But the key issue is really money ...”可知：钱（财经）是关键的问题。
3. D。由最后一段，作者预测： “that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions... With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all.And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries”，可以推断作者对高铁的发展所持的是积极的态度。
4. B。文章的第一段是主题段，尤其是imagine 一词更能突现dream这一关键词。
[抓住略读]
略读，指以最快的速度粗略地对文章的内容获以梗概，而查阅，指以最快的速度从一篇文章中淘沙拣金，获取读者所需的材料或信息，包括查找人名、地名、事件发生的事件或地点等。首先快速浏览文章的前面几段，以便对文章的内容、背景、写作的风格以及作者的观点等有所了解，而对后面的一些段落可以只读每段的主题句。主题句一般位于句首、句末，也有少数插入段中。
[抓住构词法]
英语中许多词由词根和词缀组成。掌握英语的词根、前缀和后缀，对构词法有一定的概念，不但是扩充词汇量的一条便捷途径，同时也可以在阅读中判断生词的准确词意，从而提高阅读速度。同学们一定要重视利用词缀来扩充词汇量和通过理解词缀的意义来判断生词的确切含义，从而达到提高阅读速度的目的。 [培养好阅读习惯]
在阅读的过程中，同学们不必读出声，尽量不回视，一口气读完。不懂时，可根据问题的要求重读，有针对性地查找相关信息。阅读时要养成这样的习惯：以意群为阅读单位，不要逐词逐词的读。必须经过长时期的训练才会有效果。而且，要注意将提高速度、丰富词汇量、扩大知识面与提高阅读能力，灌输阅读技巧有机地结合起来。
例2 Science can’t explain the power of pets， but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure （血压） and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack， reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some， an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress （紧张） levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners—while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic （算术） or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone， with a husband/wife， a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room， people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed （放松） around pets， says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs； a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average， people lost about I1 pounds， or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better， losing an average of 12 pounds， more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.
1.What does the text mainly discuss？
A.What pets bring to their owners.
B.How pets help people calm down.
C.People’s opinions of keeping pets.
D.Pet’s value in medical research.
2.We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if .
A.he has a pet companion
B.he has less stress of work
C.he often does mental arithmetic
D.he is taken care of by his family
3.According to Allen， why did the people do better with pets around when lacing stressful tasks？
A.They have lower blood pressure.
B.They become more patient.
C.They are less nervous.
D.They are in higher spirits.
4.The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that ___________.
A.people with dogs did more exercise
B.dogs lost the same weight as people did
C.dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D.people without dogs found the program unhelpful.
解析 1. A。文章谈到了宠物对降低血压，心脏病的治疗，减少孤独感都有好处，因此，本文所探讨的是宠物会给主人带来什么。
2. A。根据文章的第一段“... raise chance of recovering from a hear attack ...可以推断出答案。
3. C。由文章第二段“It seems people feel more relaxed （放松） around pets， says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.”可知，有宠物陪伴，人们会感到放松，也就不紧张了。
4. A。从文章的最后一句话Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing可知有狗的人并未比没有狗的人减少更多的体重， 然而他们和狗一起运动得更多。
每一篇文章的题目、首句、首段往往是文章内容的高度概括。在开始阅读前，要根据这些推测文章的内容，可以在一定程度上扫清可能出现的理解障碍，加速理解过程，提高阅读速度。
[抓住题干]
阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案，而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调，作者未加陈述的观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将其整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
[抓住猜测词义]
在阅读的过程中，同学们都会不可避免地遇到生词。而在关键的地方，对这些生词词义的推测和正确理解与否直接影响到同学们对句子意思的把握和对全文的理解，以及对文章内容的正确把握。词汇量的大小在一定程度上影响阅读速度的快慢及阅读理解的准确率，因此根据上下文猜词义就成了一个重要的阅读技巧。在词汇量大致相同的情况下，有的同学能运用这一技巧准确理解原文，有的同学则只因为阅读中碰到两三个生词而导致对原文的误解。其实我们可以抓住文章的主要内容，根据上下文猜测词义来提高阅读速度。少数生词的存在决不会影响阅读理解。猜测并不是对文章进行臆测，它要求同学们能够调动自己的所有知识，文化的、语言的等等，克服自己由于词汇量的不足带来的阅读障碍，较为准确地掌握文章的中心内容。
例1 Imagine， one day， getting out of bed in Beijing and being at your office in Shanghai in only a couple of hours， and then， after a full day of work， going back home to Beijing and having dinner there.
Sounds unusual， doesn’t it？ But it’s not that unrealistic， with the development of China’s high-speed railway system. And that’s not all. China has an even greater high-speed railway plan-to connect the country with Southeast Asia， and eventually Eastern Europe.
China is negotiating to extend its own high-speed railway network to up to 17 countries in 10 to 15 years， eventually reaching London and Singapore.
China has proposed three such projects. The first would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia. Another could start in Urumqi and go through Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan， and possiblyto Germany. The third would start in the northeast and go north through Russia and then into Western Europe.
If China’s plan for the high-speed railway goes forward， people could zip over from London to Beijing in under two days.
The new system would still follow China’s high-speed railway standard. And the trains would be able to go 346 kilometers an hour， almost as fast as some airplanes.
China’s bullet train （高速客车）， the one connecting Wuhan to Guangzhou， already has the World’s fastest average speed. It covers 1，069 kilometers in about three hours.
Of course， there are some technical challenges to overcome. There are so many issues that need to be settled， such as safety， rail gauge （轨距）， maintenance of railway tracks. So， it’s important to pay attention to every detail.
But the key issue is really money. China is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion.
China prefers that the other countries pay in natural resources rather than with capital investment. Resources from those countries could stream into China to sustain development. It’ll be a win-win project. For other countries， the railway network will definitely create more opportunities for business， tourism and so on， not to mention the better communication among those countries
For China， such a project would not only connect it with the rest of Asia and bring some much-needed resources， but would also help develop China’s far west. We foresee that in the coming decades， millions of people will migrate to the western regions， where the land is empty and resources unused. With high-speed trains， people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all. And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries.
1. China’s new high-speed railway plan will be a win-win project because .
A. China will get much-needed resources and develop its western regions
B. China and the countries involved will benefit from the project in various ways
C. China will develop its railway system and communication with other countries
D. the foreign countries involved will develop their railway transportation， business and tourism
2. According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .
A. technical issues
B. safety of the system
C. financial problems
D. maintenance of railway tracks
3. Which of the following words best describes the author’s attitude towards China’s high-speed railway plan？
A. Critical. B. Reserved.
C. Doubtful. D. Positive.
4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage？
A. New Railway Standards
B. Big Railway Dreams
C. High-speed Bullet Trains
D. International Railway Network
解析 1. B。由文章倒数第二段可知：高铁的发展可以提供更多的商业旅游机会， 更加强了国与国之间的联系。由此可以推断中国和所涉及到的国家会从中受益。
2. C。由倒数第四段的第一句话“But the key issue is really money ...”可知：钱（财经）是关键的问题。
3. D。由最后一段，作者预测： “that in the coming decades，millions of people will migrate to the western regions... With high-speed trains，people will set up factories and business centers in the west once and for all.And they’ll trade with Central Asian and Eastern European countries”，可以推断作者对高铁的发展所持的是积极的态度。
4. B。文章的第一段是主题段，尤其是imagine 一词更能突现dream这一关键词。
[抓住略读]
略读，指以最快的速度粗略地对文章的内容获以梗概，而查阅，指以最快的速度从一篇文章中淘沙拣金，获取读者所需的材料或信息，包括查找人名、地名、事件发生的事件或地点等。首先快速浏览文章的前面几段，以便对文章的内容、背景、写作的风格以及作者的观点等有所了解，而对后面的一些段落可以只读每段的主题句。主题句一般位于句首、句末，也有少数插入段中。
[抓住构词法]
英语中许多词由词根和词缀组成。掌握英语的词根、前缀和后缀，对构词法有一定的概念，不但是扩充词汇量的一条便捷途径，同时也可以在阅读中判断生词的准确词意，从而提高阅读速度。同学们一定要重视利用词缀来扩充词汇量和通过理解词缀的意义来判断生词的确切含义，从而达到提高阅读速度的目的。 [培养好阅读习惯]
在阅读的过程中，同学们不必读出声，尽量不回视，一口气读完。不懂时，可根据问题的要求重读，有针对性地查找相关信息。阅读时要养成这样的习惯：以意群为阅读单位，不要逐词逐词的读。必须经过长时期的训练才会有效果。而且，要注意将提高速度、丰富词汇量、扩大知识面与提高阅读能力，灌输阅读技巧有机地结合起来。
例2 Science can’t explain the power of pets， but many studies have shown that the company of pets can help lower blood pressure （血压） and raise chances of recovering from a heart attack， reduce loneliness and spread all-round good cheer.
Any owner will tell you how much joy a pet brings. For some， an animal provides more comfort than a husband/wife. A 2002 study by Karen Allen of the State University of New York measured stress （紧张） levels and blood pressure in people — half of them pet owners—while they performed 5 minutes of mental arithmetic （算术） or held a hand in ice water. Subjects completed the tasks alone， with a husband/wife， a close friend or with a pet. People with pets did it best. Those tested with their animal friends had smaller change in blood pressure and returned most quickly to baseline heart rates. With pets in the room， people also made fewer math mistakes than when doing in front of other companions. It seems people feel more relaxed （放松） around pets， says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.
A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits. Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs； a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program. On average， people lost about I1 pounds， or 5% of their body weight. Their dogs did even better， losing an average of 12 pounds， more than 15% of their body weight. Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall-mostly with their dogs - and found it worth doing.
1.What does the text mainly discuss？
A.What pets bring to their owners.
B.How pets help people calm down.
C.People’s opinions of keeping pets.
D.Pet’s value in medical research.
2.We learn from the text that a person with heart disease has a better chance of getting well if .
A.he has a pet companion
B.he has less stress of work
C.he often does mental arithmetic
D.he is taken care of by his family
3.According to Allen， why did the people do better with pets around when lacing stressful tasks？
A.They have lower blood pressure.
B.They become more patient.
C.They are less nervous.
D.They are in higher spirits.
4.The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that ___________.
A.people with dogs did more exercise
B.dogs lost the same weight as people did
C.dogs liked exercise much more than people did
D.people without dogs found the program unhelpful.
解析 1. A。文章谈到了宠物对降低血压，心脏病的治疗，减少孤独感都有好处，因此，本文所探讨的是宠物会给主人带来什么。
2. A。根据文章的第一段“... raise chance of recovering from a hear attack ...可以推断出答案。
3. C。由文章第二段“It seems people feel more relaxed （放松） around pets， says Allen， who thinks it may be because pets don’t judge.”可知，有宠物陪伴，人们会感到放松，也就不紧张了。
4. A。从文章的最后一句话Dog owners didn’t lose any more weight than those without dogs but， say researchers， got more exercise overall—mostly with their dogs—and found it worth doing可知有狗的人并未比没有狗的人减少更多的体重， 然而他们和狗一起运动得更多。