北京市相当一批国有大中型工业企业至今仍然处于困境,这是人所共知的现实。原因何在,则仁者见仁,智者见智。笔者认为,国有大中型工业企业历经十年改革之后,仍有相当多的企业处于困境,其原因是多方面的,或者说是错综复杂的。有长期实行高度集中的计划经济体制带来的弊端和历史原因造成的,也有在经济体制改革过程中新产生的;有宏观政策方面的原因,也有企业微观机制方面的原因;有企业外部环境的原因,也有企业内部的原因;有管理体制、运行机制方面的原因,也有企业经营者素质方面的原因。对这些原因要作客观的具体的分析,要运用辩证唯物主义的认识论和方法论来研究。一 A considerable number of state-owned large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in Beijing are still in a predicament. This is a well-known reality. Whenever the cause is, the benevolent sees the person and the wise sees the wisdom. The author believes that after a decade of reforms in large and medium-sized state-owned industrial enterprises, there are still quite a number of companies in trouble. The reasons for this are many, or more complicated. The shortcomings caused by the long-term implementation of a highly centralized planned economic system and historical reasons have also emerged in the process of economic system reform; there are macroeconomic policy reasons and the reasons for the microcosmic mechanism of enterprises; there is an external environment of the enterprise. The reasons are also internal to the enterprise; there are reasons for the management system and operation mechanism, and the reasons for the quality of the company’s managers. To make an objective and concrete analysis of these reasons, we must use dialectical materialist epistemology and methodology to study. one