Study of fluctuations in the Martian magnetosheath using a kurtosis technique: Mars Express observat

来源 :地球与行星物理(英文版) | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:gsdfs334
下载到本地 , 更方便阅读
声明 : 本文档内容版权归属内容提供方 , 如果您对本文有版权争议 , 可与客服联系进行内容授权或下架
论文部分内容阅读
Planetary magnetosheaths are characterized by high plasma wave and turbulence activity. The Martian magnetosheath is no exception; both upstream and locally generated plasma waves have been observed in the region between its bow shock and magnetic boundary layer, its induced magnetosphere. This statistical study of wave activity in the Martian magnetosheath is based on 12 years (2005–2016) of observations made during Mars Express (MEX) crossings of the planet\'s magnetosheath — in particular, data on electron density and temperature data collected by the electron spectrometer (ELS) of the plasma analyzer (ASPERA-3) experiment on board the MEX spacecraft. A kurtosis parameter has been calculated for these plasma parameters. This value indicates intermittent behavior in the data when it is higher than 3 (the value for a normal or Gaussian distribution). The variation of wave activity occurrence has been analyzed in relation to solar cycle, Martian orbit, and distance to the bow shock. Non-Gaussian properties are observed in the magnetosheath of Mars on all analyzed scales, especially in those near the proton gyrofrequency in the upstream region of the Martian magnetosphere. We also report that non-Gaussian behavior is most prominent at the smaller scales (higher frequencies). A significant influence of the solar cycle was also observed; the kurtosis parameter is higher during declining and solar maximum phases, when the presence of disturbed solar wind conditions, caused by large scale solar wind structures, increases. The kurtosis decreases with increasing distance from the bow shock, which indicates that the intermittence level is higher near the bow shock. In the electron temperature data the kurtosis is higher near the perihelion due to the higher incidence of EUV when the planet is closer to the Sun, which causes a more extended exosphere, and consequently increases the wave activity in the magnetosheath and its upstream region. The extended exosphere seems to play a lower effect in the electron density data.
其他文献
再分析资料能有效弥补实际观测数据时空分布不均的缺陷,开展再分析资料区域适应性评估对地气过程研究、气候分析等具有重要意义.论文利用宁夏24个气象观测站的平均气温,从2种空间尺度(0.5°×0.5°和0.1°×0.1°)和2种时间尺度(年、月),采用偏差、绝对偏差、均方根误差和相关系数等多个统计指标,评估了再分析资料对宁夏地区地面气温的反映能力.结果表明:① GHCN-CAMS(Global Historical Climatology Network and the Climate Anomaly Moni
畜牧业雪灾是牧区冬、春季节最严重的自然灾害之一,往往会造成大量牲畜伤亡,严重威胁和制约了牧区畜牧业生产和高质量发展,未来气候变化使得畜牧业雪灾风险存在着更大的不确定性.论文基于区域自然灾害系统理论,梳理了畜牧业雪灾致灾成害过程和风险评估的理论框架,从致灾因子、孕灾环境、承灾体等方面系统总结了当前研究进展,以及存在的主要问题.最后针对今后畜牧业雪灾研究进行了展望,主要包括以下6个方面:①增强草高估算和雪深反演精度研究;②深化积雪分配过程研究及多致灾因子与孕灾环境耦合的危险性分析;③强化缺氧环境对畜牧业雪灾致
流域输沙量变化是水文过程的一个重要环节,同时与区域水资源、土壤管理、甚至生态系统的健康运行紧密联系,因而如何量化气候变化和人类活动对输沙量变化的相对贡献率成为水文学研究的热点问题.论文主要系统总结了流域输沙量变化归因分析的9种方法:简单线性回归分析、双累积曲线法、泥沙归因诊断分析法、库坝拦沙量法、SEDD模型、SWAT模型、弹性系数法、相似天气条件法和水保法,阐述了各方法的计算过程及其适用性,并对各种方法进行评价,同时对未来的流域输沙量变化归因分析方法进行展望:①尝试新方法的应用,以探索更为适当的输沙量预
随着全球生态环境问题的日益凸显,政治生态学以关注造成环境问题的政治因素为研究内核,成为不同学科共同探索的研究领域.地理学以人地关系为立足点,深化政治生态学研究的空间性和政治性.论文首先通过对西方政治生态学理论脉络进行梳理,发现政治生态学根源于早期环境批判思想、西方马克思主义、后结构主义以及后人类主义理论,并与地理学的发展相辅相成.其次,对近30年西方地理学与政治生态学的相关研究成果进行分析发现,现有的研究议题主要聚焦于生态经济与绿色发展、生态治理与环境保育、生态身份与微观政治及生态客体与能动性4个方面.在
锂(Li)同位素体系是示踪镁铁-超镁铁质岩成岩成矿过程(如结晶分异、地壳混染和熔/流体-矿物相互作用等)的全新工具.通过实例研究综述了原位Li同位素在镁铁-超镁铁质岩中应用的主要进展,主要包括:(1)美国Yellow Hill阿拉斯加型杂岩体Li同位素研究揭示弧岩浆早期堆晶过程可发生明显的Li同位素分馏;(2)土耳其和西藏蛇绿岩的Li同位素研究证明其在示踪蛇绿岩地幔序列岩石成因及豆荚状铬铁矿演化过程中的潜力;(3)Stillwater层状岩体超镁铁岩带Li同位素研究揭示流体对于大型层状岩体各矿物形成及铬铁
系统梳理了放射性Pd-Ag体系银同位素在行星科学中的发展概况以及稳定银同位素在环境科学示踪和金银矿床中的研究进展.在太阳星云以及行星核的形成过程中,由于107Ag可由107Pd经β衰变产生,而挥发性元素的耗散又会造成早期Pd/Ag的分异,使得Pd-Ag同位素体系可以用于早期太阳系的活动历史研究,例如定义行星核的形成、限定行星形成时代.在稳定银同位素体系中,已探明银同位素组成(δ109Ag)变化范围为-1.0‰~+2.3‰.稳定银同位素组成在不同环境的样品中具有类似于“指纹”特性,可用于确定污染物来源,追溯
The Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer (MINPA) is one of the three scientific instruments onboard the Tianwen-1 orbiter to investigate the Martian space environment. During Tianwen-1\'s transfer orbit to Mars, the MINPA was switched on to measure th
In this comment on the article “Locating the source field lines of Jovian decametric radio emissions” by Wang YM et al., 2020, we discuss the assumptions used by the authors to compute the beaming angle of Jupiter\'s decametric emissions induced by the
Energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) are produced by the neutralization of energetic ions formed by shock-accelerated gradual solar energetic particle events (SEP). These high-energy ENAs (HENAs) can reach the Earth earlier than the associated SEPs and thus can
For planetary surface materials, thermal inertia is the critical property that governs the surface\'s daily thermal response and controls diurnal and seasonal surface temperature variations. Here we use the ground measurements made by the MSL Curiosity