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目前几乎全部有机化学品及其衍生的有机合成聚合原料都是来自石油和天然气。但此文的目的是述评生物质作为另一种化工原料的潜在能力,主要是讨论陆地上的植物资源。 (一) 生物质的组成 (a) 纤维素。纤维素是陆地上最丰富的有机物质,约占每年生产的1千亿吨生物质的50％。 (b) 半纤维素。在木质的植物中半纤维素约占细胞壁25％,硬材含戊聚糖丰富(例木糖),而软材中则聚巳糖(例甘露糖)占优势。
At present, almost all organic chemicals and derived organic synthetic polymeric materials are derived from oil and natural gas. However, the purpose of this paper is to comment on the potential of biomass as another chemical raw material, mainly to discuss plant resources on land. (a) Biomass composition (a) Cellulose. Cellulose is the most abundant organic material on land, accounting for approximately 50% of the 100 billion tons of biomass produced each year. (b) Hemicellulose. In woody plants, hemicellulose accounts for about 25% of the cell wall, hardwood contains pentosan-rich (for example, xylose), and in softwood, polymannose (for example, mannose) dominates.