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器官捐赠问题关乎人类的福祉水平,是福利经济研究的一个重要领域。目前世界上有两种人体器官捐赠方式,明示同意制度和推定同意制度。本文运用效用分析,以及成本-效益的分析方法比较发现,推定同意的方式对于社会总福利影响优于明示同意制度。但是在考虑伦理价值规范之后,就不能简单认为推定同意制度更好了,方案的选择要服从弱势多数偏好法则的要求。对于中国而言,如何在不违背伦理价值的情况下,提高捐赠者的数量,让更多的生命得以延续,从而提高社会福祉水平,这需要进行社会机制的建设,包括对于捐赠者及其家属合理的补偿、建立完善的器官移植管理机构等。
The question of organ donation concerns the well-being of human beings and is an important area of welfare economics research. At present, there are two ways of donating human organs in the world, with the system of explicit consent and the system of presumption of agreement. This paper uses utility analysis and cost-benefit analysis to find out that the way of presumption of consent is better than the system of explicit consent for the total social welfare. However, after considering ethical values, the system of presumption of agreement can not be simply considered as a better choice. The choice of programs should follow the requirements of the most disadvantaged preference laws. For China, how to increase the number of donors and extend more lives so as to raise the level of social welfare without compromising ethical values will require the construction of social mechanisms, including for donors and their families Reasonable compensation, the establishment of a sound organ transplant management agencies.