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聚苯胺(PANI)具有高导电率、高比电容、快速的掺杂-脱掺杂能力和原料经济易得等特性,但是作为电极材料进行循环充放电时易发生材料的形变,循环稳定性差。三维(3D)石墨烯具有比表面积大、电子迁移速率高、透光性和柔韧性好、机械性能稳定等特点。将两者进行三维结构设计以提高复合材料的电化学性能是目前研究的热点。介绍了3D石墨烯材料的制备方法,并综述了3D石墨烯-聚苯胺复合材料的制备方法及在超级电容器电极材料中的应用现状,对其存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了展望。
Polyaniline (PANI) has the characteristics of high conductivity, high specific capacitance, fast doping-dedoping ability, and economical availability of raw materials. However, PANI is prone to deformation when charged and discharged as an electrode material, and its cycle stability is poor. Three-dimensional (3D) graphene has the characteristics of large specific surface area, high electron transfer rate, good light transmission and flexibility, and stable mechanical properties. The three-dimensional structure of the two to improve the electrochemical properties of composite materials is the current research hot spots. The preparation methods of 3D graphene materials were introduced. The preparation methods of 3D graphene - polyaniline composites and their application in the electrode materials of supercapacitors were reviewed. The existing problems and the future development were also discussed.